Upupa epops, commonly known as the hoopoe, is a fascinating bird species and the sole representative of the Upupidae family.

Its appearance is distinct, characterized by a long, curved beak and a magnificent crest of black and white striped feathers that can be erected or spread out.

The Hoopoe is primarily found across Europe, Asia, and North Africa.

It is a migratory bird, undertaking seasonal journeys to breed in the north during the warmer months and migrating to the south to endure the cold winter.

These birds inhabit diverse environments such as open countryside, grasslands, bushlands, and forest edges.

They have a diet consisting mainly of insects, worms, and small invertebrates.

The hoopoe's unique appearance and call, often emitting a low, resonant "hoopoe" sound, have contributed to its name and recognition.

With a body length ranging from 25 to 30 cm, the hoopoe (Upupa epops) is a medium-sized bird.

Its most striking feature is the crest of black and white stripes on its head, which can be raised or fanned out.

The back of the hoopoe displays tan-colored feathers adorned with white spots and black markings.

Its underparts showcase a pink hue with black stripes.

The bird possesses broad, rounded wings and a long tail, tipped with a white and black stripe.

While males and females share similar appearances, the males boast slightly larger and more vibrant crests.

Hoopoes primarily feed on a wide variety of insects, including locusts, beetles, dragonflies, bees, and more.

They employ their long, curved beaks skillfully to forage on the ground, occasionally jabbing or pursuing insects in flight.

During their foraging activities, hoopoes produce various calls, ranging from screeches to their characteristic "hoopoe" sounds.

For nesting, hoopoes typically select tree hollows, cracks in walls, or abandoned nests.

The female lays 5 to 6 eggs, which are incubated for approximately 16 to 18 days.

Both the male and female are involved in the care and feeding of the chicks.

Hoopoes hold symbolic significance in many cultures.

In ancient Greek mythology, they represented rebirth and rejuvenation.

In several European countries, hoopoes are considered symbols of good luck, prosperity, and happiness.

In summary, the hoopoe bird captivates people with its unique appearance, enchanting calls, and cultural symbolism.

Its distinct features, migratory behavior, and ecological role as insectivores make it a remarkable species to observe and appreciate in the natural world.

During the breeding season, male hoopoes engage in territorial fights.

The two opponents approach each other, raising their crests high and stretching their beaks downward.

They then abruptly bite each other's beaks, engaging in a tug-of-war-like struggle to maintain a safe distance.

Eventually, they separate, flap their wings, and resume their impact on the ground until one surrenders.

The breeding period spans approximately 4 to 6 months, with hoopoes forming pairs.

Occasionally, competition among males for females can be observed.

The female observes the competition and ultimately selects the victorious male as her mate.

Hoopoes typically nest in natural tree cavities on forest edges or along roads within forests.

In the absence of suitable tree hollows in farmland areas, they may utilize wall cavities in abandoned houses or crevices in cliff rock walls.

In some cases, they even lay eggs beneath piles of dry branches on the ground.

Nests are constructed using plant stems, and leaves, and occasionally mixed with plant roots, feathers, and hair.